Dr. Victoria Brown
Emerging pathogens are now considered to be a major microbiologic public health threat, and medical communities have been dealing with emerging and reemerging infectious diseases since the 1950s. This review focuses on bacterial emerging diseases and examines the factors that contributed to their emergence as well as potential obstacles in the future. We found 26 major bacterial-based emerging and recurrent infectious diseases; the majority of them came from either animals (known as zoonoses) or water sources. In the elderly, infections account for the majority of morbidity and mortality. The frequency and severity of infections in elderly patients may be affected by a number of factors, including immunosenescence, comorbid chronic diseases, and changes in normal physiological organ functions. In those patients, normal body responses to the infection, such as an increase in temperature, may be blunted, making it difficult to distinguish infection from other diseases. The respiratory and urinary tracts are the most frequently affected systems in severe infections, which may also result in severe sepsis. In the elderly who are admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), indwelling vascular catheters are also linked to bacteraemia and sepsis. Patients who are older are also more likely to contract the Clostridioides difficult infection. The other principles of antimicrobial stewardship, including careful fluid management and careful individualized optimization of antibiotic therapy, are warranted in order to prevent an increase in infection-related mortality, even though the general management of infections in severely ill elderly patients is the same as in younger patients. When treating critically ill elderly patients in the intensive care unit, organized team management is essential and will reduce infection-related morbidity and mortality
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